SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO METABOLIC CONTROL AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a clinical and public health crises in many populations, as Adipocytes produce several adipokines including adiponectin.
Adiponectin is an adipokine that is specifically and abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and directly sensitizes the body to insulin. Adiponectin has attracted much attention because of its ant-idiabetic , anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effect and it might become a novel therapeutic agent
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
To compare the levels of serum adiponectin in type 2 diabetes patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital with those of age and sex matched controls.
A total of 180 subjects (106 females, 74 males) were recruited for this study. The Type 2 diabetic subjects were 110(61.1%) with a mean age of 54.5yr and the control were 70(38.9%) with the mean age of 518yr for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fasting plasma glucose was estimated using spectrophotometric method, fasting lipid profile was estimated using enzymatic method. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the report of National cholesterol education panel (ATP 111). Glycated haemoglobin was also analysed using ion exchange chromatography and serum Adiponectin was analyzed using immunoassay (Elisa). The data collected included age, sex, weight and height.

RESULTS
Dyslipidaemia was more prevalent(especially hypertriglycedemia) in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with the following mean values for TC, TG and LDL-C(5.51±1.86, 1.60±0.84, 3.46±1,91) respectively.compared to the control group with the mean values of . (4.56±1.7, 1.04±1.0, 2.71±1.29) respectively and this was statistically significant(p = 0.001).
Hypoadiponectinemia was more prevalent in the subjects with type 2 diabetes than the control groups which had a high level of serum adiponectin with a mean values of 10.71,±1.85 and 21.14±1.98) respectively after log transformation of the data. This was statistically significant (p = 0.001).
Fasting plasma glucose and Glycated haemoglobin showed a strong correlation with serum adiponectin(r- 0.11, 0.01) respectively. However the mean values of fasting plasma glucose (7.32±3.0) were higher in type 2 diabetic patients than the control group and it was statistically significant (p<0.001), Glycated haemoglobin had a higher mean values in type 2 diabetic than the controls.

CONCLUSION
The data demonstrated that serum levels of adiponectin was significantly lower amongst type 2 diabetic patients than the control subjects.